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Stockton ENGL 227 Project

jenna36

Native Americans are often misrepresented in history and underwent extreme abuse and racism.  They were not seen as civilized and were often considered "savages."  The actions and feelings of the colonies can be compared to that of pro-slavery whites around the Civil War.  Though what Native Americans went through is not as highly publicized,  it is still part of American history.  Native Americans are a huge influence on American history and deserve more recognition.  After all, some colonies would not have survived if it had not been for the help of Native Americans.  Literature and images are useful in seeing the mistreatment of indians,  their influence on history, and raising awareness about lost Native American history. 

Fictions of American Prehistory: Indians, Archeology, and National Origin Myths
Fictions of American Prehistory: Indians, Archeology, and National Origin Myths

This article shows how Native American history is wiped out.  Students are still taught that Columbus discovered the new world and anything before that is thought of as “pre-history.”  Archaeologist Vine Deloria Jr., who is part of the Standing Rock Sioux, uses teachings from Mathers and Schoolcraft to show that native people are pushed out of American history.  He also makes the point that we have learned much more about native peoples, but we are not teaching this information.  The article goes on to show that natives had the choice to become “civilized or extinct.”  His example was that of the Cherokee Indians who were removed during the Trail of Tears.  This article is useful in showing that we now know a great deal more about native people, we just need to do a better job of relaying that information and making Native Americans part of American history.

The Vanishing American
The Vanishing American

Tom Outland disagrees with his friend Roddy Blake for selling indian relics which he considers "family heirlooms."  The disagreement is primarily about ancestry, Tom sees it as selling part of their history.  This is important because Native American heritage gets washed out of American history and Roddy has "given it up."  Tom really is not of a native heritage, but is not sure of his heritage.  This is similar to the role of Native Americans in American history.  We know that Native Americans are a huge part, but because there was a time when indians were to be "Americanized" we are not sure exactly how much history is missing.

Picture
Image Two Indians

This image of the two Native Americans sitting by each other depicts a more realistic picture of what Indians were like.  Seeing that their dress and lifestyle is exceedingly different from that of the average settler, which may be why they were deemed “savages” and “uncivilized.”   Native Americans were simply different.  This image shows the adornment with feathers and beads that is often associated with the term Indian.  There were probably faults with Native civilizations, but there are also faults in every other civilization.  Assumptions were made about Native Americans and it is important to look into the history of their civilization, and the impact it has on American history. 

To Marry an Indian: The Marriage of Harriett Gold and Elias Boudinot in Letters, 1823–1839 (review)
To Marry an Indian: The Marriage of Harriett Gold and Elias Boudinot in Letters, 1823–1839 (review)

This article shows the hardships of an interracial marriage.  The marriage of Harriett Gold and Elias Boudinot definitely took the brunt of prejudices.  An interracial marriage can sometimes now be difficult, but during thus time period it was not accepted by anyone except the two that were married.  Indians were seen as 'uncivilzed" and therefore even Gold's family disapproved of the marriage.  her brother burned images of the two in protest of the marriage.  White poeple only excepted indians if they were trying to be civilzed or they pretended that indians simply did not exist.  This is just another example of the many racisms that Native Americans had to endure at this time.  The brutality of people towards another race is simply unjust and truly exemplified in instances like this one.

The Heath Anthology of American Literature Vol. B
Elias Boudinot "An Address to the Whites"
 Boudinot's "An Address to the Whites," is also linked to the interracial marriage of Boudinot and Harriett Gold.  Boudinot claims that the Native Americans are increasingly advancing.  They are learning the Christian religion.  He notes that Natives are learning to read and write in English, but they did not leave out the elderly.  Boudinot shows that they have translated Christian hymms into a native language so that they can convert also.  The main reason for this address is to ask the whites to help the Native Americans further their 'civilization" as he calls it.  The reason for Boudinot wanting to be considered part of the "American family" as he calls it would probably be his marriage.  This address shows that Native Americans do have a structure, and are 'civilized, but, it also brings the fact that Boudinot wants to forget his culture.  This particular piece is an example of "Americanization," and erasing the history of the Native American.  
The Heath Anthology of American Literature Volume A
Christopher Columbus' "Journal of The First Voyage to America"

In Christopher Columbus' travelogue he mentions certain encounters with the Native Americans.  This work is another prime example of the misunderstanding of indians.  They are thought to be unsophisticated and a crude people by the spaniards with Columbus.  On their voyage they used help from the natives.  They traded and bargained with them, but they also took advantage of them.  When they took five men captive, they also took random women and children.  This was to keep the indian men company, but the Spaniards assume that indians are not refined enough to have family structure.  Columbus tries to justify his actions when he is simply using the natives to learn their language.  This is the beginning of a great deal more of misinterpretations and mistreatment of the native race. 

These pieces work together to bring light to the degradation and racism of the Native American civilizations.  The show how Native people are not a big enough part of American history, but rather seen as “prehistory”, or not all.  These pieces also illustrate the false image of a typical “Indian” as an uncivilized savage.  They are not uncivilized; they simply have a different culture.  The cultures were not studied until later, so they were considered wrong.  The judgments and racist views of Indians are portrayed throughout literature and different texts.  The important part is to consider how Native Americans influenced American history.  We need to study them as part of our history, and not try to exclude Native people.