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Brock ENGL 227 Project

brenninb

In my project I am showing the importance of Captivity Narratives. Captivity Narratives are a popular topic to examine because of the affect it has on both the writer and the reader. The writer is able to share his/her story and what they experienced and the reader is able to escape from this world and become connected to the captive and feel what they felt. They are able to focus on someone else instead of their self. In this project, the Narratives of Mary Rowlandson, Mary Jemison, Minnie Carrigan and The Jesuit Relations were examined to present their reason for sharing their stories and what the readers recieved from it. Michelle Burnham's book, "Captivity and Sentiment", was also examined, presenting her personal thoughts on captivity.

The signicicance of captivity narratives is the individuality of each story. Some stories are historical, some are religious confessionals and others are brutal and cruel. Captivity narratives include the broad stories of violent encounters of kidnapping white familes, or the "Indianization" of whites, to successful escapes from imprisonment.
There is a similar content for each of the written narratives, but the different point of views, the variation in treatment and the different experiences makes each narrative significant. What's most important is what the narrative was for the reader for whom it was written.

One example of a white woman held in captivity is, Mary Rowlandson. Mary Rowlandson was held in captivity by the Indians for three months during King Philip'sWar. The Indians attacked her village and took her and her three children captive. Rowlandson was tortured, starved, and had to suffer through the death of a child. Through these horrific times, Mary Rowlandson chose to rely on God. She learned to look beyond present troubles and put her whole dependance on God. Mary Rowlandson's personal experience of captivity is remembered as being horrific when thinking about the physical and physcological consequences that came from it but also as being a faith growing experience.

The Heath Anthology of American Literature, 6th edition: Volume A
Editor: Paul Lauter

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Notes on the Jesuit Relations

The Jesuit relations is another example of a captivity narrative. The Jesuit Relations is a series of reports from Jesuit missions in New France. They were a worlwide missionary program with a mission to convert Huron Indians to Catholicism. In the early 1640's tensions between the French and the five Iroquois tribes, rose dramatically. The Iroquois began a series of attacks upon the Hurons and they forced the Jesuits to abandon their missions in Huronia. Father Isaac Jogues was traveling from Huron country to Quebec with Huron converts, trying to convert otherHurons. Him and the Huron converts were caught and captured. Jogues letters tell about his personal experience of captivity. Jogues was tortured during his captivity but he expressed it was not a nightmare. He eventually escaped his captors and became apart of a clan. After a while, he returned to where he was held captive to initiate a Jesuit mission. Father Jogues was put to death. This narrative was written to show the dedication of Jogues and the Huron converts to their faith. Jogues died trying to tell others about the gift of Eternal Life. He wanted to finish what he felt God called him to do.

The Heath Anthology of American Literature, 6th Edition: Volume A
Editor: Paul Lauter

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"With Them was My Home": Native American Autobiography and A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison

Another example of a captivity narrative is the the life of Mary Jemison. Mary Jemison was born on a ship as her family traveled to make a new life in the "New World". At 15 years old, Mary Jemison was captured by the Indians while living with her parents in Pennsylvania. Her family was killed and the Seneca Indians adopted her. She married an Indian and had two children. Later, her first husband died and she remarried to a chief and had six more children. During this time was the Revolutionary War. The Senecas and other tribes were the targets of the the American army. The American Army invaded Jemison's village and burned their homes and land. Jemison and her family fled to a town further South of where she lived and found shelter. This is where her family rebuilt there lives and lived for sixty years. A great council was held where they lived and they honored Mary Jemison with 18,000 acres of land that her family had previously owned. Mary Jemison died at age 90. This narrative would not be considered horrific even though her family was killed, she was captured, and had to run from the American army. This story was written to tell how the Seneca Indians were her family and those lands were her home.

Minnie Buce Carrigan wrote a book on her captivity experience called "Captured by the Indians: reminiscences of pioneer life in Minnesota". She is another survivor who lived to tell her story of captivity. She was captured by the Sioux Indians in 1862 during the uprise by the Sioux. Carrigan emigrated with her German parents to Wisconsin in 1858. Two years later they helped establish a German settlement in Minnesota, where they lived in comfort and peace among the Sioux Indians. By 1862, the numbers of settlers had grown, and their Sioux neighbors began to show signs of hostility. On August 18, 1862, when Carrigan was only about seven years old, her parents and two of her siblings were killed during the Sioux uprising. Carrigan was taken captive with a brother and sister and spent ten weeks among the Sioux before the U.S. army compelled the return of all captives. Carrigan did not write her book until forty years after she was captured.Carrigan's story is one of many first-person accounts of frontier life contained in the book "Pioneering the Upper MidWest". This allowed her to share her story with the world and tell other people what she experienced and how she lived.

Michelle Burnham wrote a book called "Captivity and Sentiment: Cultural Exchange in American Literature". In the introduction, she presents the argument why do captivity narratives often inspire the response of tears?  From the captivity stories written in the Bible to the sentimental present media coverage on the news of American hostages in the Middle East, representation of captivity often is accompanied with tears. The tears often come from the spectators rather than the captives themselves. The readers feel a sensation of belonging and a connection to the captive. Burnham feels that the meaning of sympathy is contradicting. She believes that sympathy does not always have to relate to homelessness and confinement but it can be a feeling of belonging which is pleasurable. If the reader is moved by the scenes of confinement then that is because the reader feels affected just as the captive was affected. Burnham wrote this book to present the complexity of sympathy in captivity narratives. She examined narratives such as Mary Rowlandson’s in which readers have a fascination for. Readers use narratives like hers to escape their own problems and focus on the problems of someone else. This gives readers the sense of pleasure. This shows that some see captivity narratives as significant because it allows them to escape from their own world. Michelle Burnham wrote this book to show the writer and the reader’s focus of sympathy and how the sentimentality of these narratives allows escape.

 This project allowed me to read several narratives and evaluate how I was affected by each of them. Mary Rowlandson and Father Isaac Jogues are great inspirations to me because they allowed their faith to grow in the hardest time of their life. They never stopped trusting in God and they continued to follow God's plan even if that meant giving up their life. Mary Jemison and Minnie Carrigan are inspiring because of how brave they were  throughout their captivity. Mary Jemison was able to start a new life after being kidnapped and eventually make a family of her own. She protected and provided for her family though all the dangers that came her way. Minnie Carrigan suffered through the loss of the majority and her family and was still able to survive to share her story. The importance of Captivity Narratives is different for each individual. What is so significant is that these narratives affect anyone who comes in contact with them.