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V Goussen 227F09

vanessagoussen

The Behaviors of Puritan Women

The Puritan religion was one that involved, like many religions, certain expectations and specific roles for members of the congregation. Throughout early American literature women's role in the Puritan religion was stagnant. Women were expected to act a certain way and portray a representation of perfection. Anything less than that was unacceptable and incorrect. Certain behaviors were especially expected from women. For the Puritans, ideas of proper order both sharply defined and confined a woman’s authority.Women were to be the head of the house hold and be domestic and religious. The home gave women the freedom to exercise religious and moral authority, performing duties not open to them in public. However, many women struggled with fully performing the correct Puritan behaviors and beliefs.

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Upon the Burning of Our House July 10th, 1666
Anne Bradstreet
This poem is about an event in Anne Bradstreet's life that shows the struggle in her religion. Bradstreet is watching her house burn down before her eyes. She depicts her emotions and hardship throughout the poem. In the beginning of the poem, she thanks God, which indicates that she is part of the Puritan movement. She states "And when I could no longer look, I blest His name that gave and took, That laid my goods now in the dust" (Bradstreet 295). This reaction was what was expected from a Puritan woman. Sorrow and grief was not so much was how women should react. As Bradstreet continues she starts to lament more for her loss of her home and her only belongings. She continues to struggle as to what she is supposed to say and what she really feels. She feels horrible and almost questions God as to why he has taken everything from her but a Puritan, much more a woman, should not be feeling this way. She goes back and forth for a while, throughout the poem. In the end, Bradstreet comes to the conclusion that everything she had was all material things. She has to get her heart from feeling bad because it is all materialistic items that can be replaced. In her last lines of the poem, she ends with almost a strong message that she can not get all worked up here, on Earth, because she has a home in Heaven.

Her poem was published mainly to be an example to other Puritan women. The behavior of Bradstreet was much like Puritan women of that time. She struggled with her religion but overall was still strong in her faith.
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A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
Mary Rowlandson
Mary Rowlandson's narrative occurred during King Phillip's War, during a time when there was inter-tribal and itner-colonial tension. During this time there was a prohibition against women's writing but she counters this argument by stating that God was testing her faith during this time of her life. She also received support of leading congregationalist to publish text to increase church membership. The cover page of her narrative emphasizes that the narrative is all true and is history not fiction. It also states that it is "written from her own hand, for her private use and now made pubic at the earneft defire of forne Friends, and for the benefit of the afflicted" (Rowlandson, cover page). In this line you can clearly see that women were not supposed to be public about their lives and having this line included for the text was used to gain support for her narrative and explain why she was doing something outside of the norm.

The narrative is about how Rowlandson was captured by the Narragansett Indians on February 10, 1676. Throughout her narrative she uses biblical references that shows her affiliation with her faith and the Puritan religion. She endures many hardships, including hunger, cruelty, no comfort, and neglect. She eventually is given a Bible by one of the Native Americans and this is what helps her and guides her during her trials during hardship. She becomes more religious and her narrative begins following the arch of a conversion experience text. She no longer uses tobacco or does she do work on the sabbath day.

Again, this novel shows the behavior of women during the Puritan movement. They struggled to meet the expectations of society but somehow found strength in their faith and became true Puritans. In the end of her narrative she views her hardship no longer as a time of hopeless but a time of improvement for herself. She knows that no matter what she endures in life, God will always be there and faith is what really matters. Going back to her cover page, her narrative was mainly published to serve as a guide an example for other Puritan women struggling with their faith.
This article focuses on analyzing details of the Puritan religion, especially a woman's role and behavior in society. The article states that women did have power and authority but was confined strictly to the home. The power was indirect but nonetheless important. The article continues to explain what many during pre-Civil War times, questioned: this was how far should the indirect exercise of power by women be practiced. The Puritan religion was very restrictive towards women but, as the article states, many women did accomplish many things while still preserving their Puritan beliefs, for example Anne Bradstreet.  She was an accomplished writer, which was rare since women were prohibited to do so. She became an example for many woman due to her overall strong Puritan beliefs and faith and thus became an accepting figure and writer by society. She influenced many others with her writings. The article continues to use Bradstreet as an example as to how women shared the common problem of seeking self-expression and social acceptance within the rigidly gendered hierarchy of Puritan culture.
The Cultural Dynamics of American Puritanism
Dynamics of American Puritanism
Going Public: Women in Nineteenth-Century Cultural History
The Emerging Women
This article is about American uncertainties regarding women's social roles and gender identity during the  Puritan movement. The article makes a very interesting argument that was not brought up in other articles. It states that however, scholars have always stressed separate spheres between public and private lives of women, they are intertwined and overlapping realms. The article continues to state that although women were restricted in the public arena, women did play a role in the public and contributed to society. The article explains how the behaviors of women in the private arena overlapped to behaviors in the public sphere. Women were expected to be private and conservative but to also contribute to society.   
This article talked about a woman's behavior in her home and as a wife. It stated that Puritan wives were encouraged to draw power as well as fulfillment from submission to their husbands' authority. This clearly depicts the hierarchical structure of the Puritan household. Women were seen as less than men, if women and men were ranked in a realm. A man was the head of the household in a sense but women were the ones who ran the household and obtained power solely from the household. The article continues by stating that women often sought to achieve authority through humility.
[Untitled Review]
Women Piety
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The Puritan Woman
Library of Congress

This picture clearly depicts a Puritan woman. She is dressed in common, conservative attire. The woman did signify authority but it was confined to strictly the home and the children. This woman seemed like she was somewhat of the middle class. She is holding a book that could most likely a Bible. The significant of the book also signifies that she was literate, which many women were not. She is the representation of the Puritan woman, conservative and strong in her faith and religion.
Many of these items above were a true representation of Puritan women before the pre-Civil War times. Women struggled with many things from self-expression to complying with their faith. The behaviors of women were very important during these times and made a significant impact on American Literature. The Puritan religion had a tendency to find religious meaning in everyday experience.